External Ear Infections: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
What is an External Ear Infection?
An external ear infection, also known as otitis externa or swimmer’s ear, is an infection of the outer ear canal, the passage that connects the ear opening to the eardrum. It is commonly caused by bacteria and can result in pain, swelling, redness, and discharge from the ear. External ear infections are often triggered by moisture buildup in the ear, making them more common among swimmers and individuals frequently exposed to water.
Causes of External Ear Infections
Otitis externa is primarily caused by bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus . In some cases, fungi can also be responsible for the infection. Common causes include:
- Prolonged moisture in the ear from swimming, bathing, or humid environments
- Injury or irritation from cotton swabs, hearing aids, earbuds, or fingernails
- Skin conditions such as eczema or psoriasis that affect the ear canal
- Excessive earwax removal, which strips away protective oils
- Exposure to contaminated water containing bacteria or fungi
Symptoms of External Ear Infections
Symptoms of otitis externa can range from mild to severe and may include:
- Ear pain, which may worsen when touching or pulling the ear
- Itching inside the ear canal
- Redness and swelling of the outer ear or ear canal
- Fluid drainage, which may be clear, yellow, or pus-like
- Muffled hearing due to swelling or blockage
- Feeling of fullness in the ear
- Foul-smelling discharge in more severe infections
Diagnosis
A healthcare professional can diagnose otitis externa by examining the ear canal using an otoscope. In some cases, a sample of ear discharge may be taken to determine the specific bacteria or fungi responsible for the infection .
Treatment Options
Most cases of external ear infections can be successfully treated within 7 to 10 days with appropriate care. Treatment options include:
- Antibiotic Eye Drops: Soothe Antibiotic Drops eliminates the bacteria causing the infection.
- Keeping the Ear Dry: Avoid swimming and excessive moisture exposure until the infection clears.
- Cleaning the Ear Canal: In some cases, a doctor may gently clean the ear canal to remove debris
and improve medication effectiveness.
Prevention Tips
To reduce the risk of developing an external ear infection, follow these preventive measures:
- Keep ears dry by drying them thoroughly after swimming or showering.
- Use earplugs or a swim cap if you are frequently exposed to water.
- Avoid inserting objects like cotton swabs or fingers into the ear canal.
- Use preventive ear drops (a mixture of equal parts white vinegar and rubbing alcohol) after
swimming, if recommended by a doctor. - Manage skin conditions that can cause irritation in the ear canal.
- Clean and disinfect hearing aids and earbuds regularly
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult a healthcare provider if:
- Symptoms persist or worsen after 48 to 72 hours of treatment.
- There is severe ear pain, fever, or swelling that spreads beyond the ear.
- You experience hearing loss or a blocked sensation that does not improve.
- The infection keeps recurring
External ear infections are common but preventable. With proper hygiene, moisture control, and timely treatment, symptoms can be managed effectively, reducing the risk of complications.
Note: This information is intended for general awareness only and should not be used to diagnose serious health issues. If you’re experiencing severe symptoms, please consult a healthcare professional right
References
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (2023). Swimmer’s Ear (Otitis Externa).
American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery. (2023). Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear).
Mayo Clinic. (2023). Ear Infections – Symptoms and Causes.
Johns Hopkins Medicine. (2023). Otitis Externa (Swimmer’s Ear).
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/8381-swimmers-ear-otitis-externa